Docker и Docker Compose: общая инструкция

Dockerfile -> Image -> Container

docker --version
docker info
docker compose version

docker compose

docker-compose

sudo apt update
sudo apt install docker-compose-plugin

docker compose version

sudo docker run hello-world

docker run IMAGE

docker run nginx

docker logs web

docker logs -f web

docker logs --tail 100 web

docker logs --since 1h web

docker logs -t web

docker logs -f --tail 100 web

docker cp config.json web:/app/config.json

docker cp web:/app/logs ./logs

myapp/
├── Dockerfile
├── .dockerignore
├── requirements.txt
└── app.py

FROM python:3.12-slim

WORKDIR /app

COPY requirements.txt .

RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

COPY . .

EXPOSE 8000

CMD ["python", "app.py"]

.git
.gitignore
node_modules
venv
__pycache__
*.log
.env
.idea
.vscode
README.md

frontend
backend
database
redis
nginx

services:
  database:
    image: postgres:16
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: app
      POSTGRES_USER: app
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: secret
    volumes:
      - postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    networks:
      - backend-network
    restart: unless-stopped

  backend:
    build:
      context: ./backend
    environment:
      DB_HOST: database
      DB_PORT: "5432"
      DB_NAME: app
      DB_USER: app
      DB_PASSWORD: secret
    depends_on:
      - database
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    networks:
      - backend-network
      - frontend-network
    restart: unless-stopped

  frontend:
    build:
      context: ./frontend
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    depends_on:
      - backend
    networks:
      - frontend-network
    restart: unless-stopped

volumes:
  postgres-data:

networks:
  backend-network:
  frontend-network:

project/
├── compose.yaml
├── .env
├── frontend/
│   ├── Dockerfile
│   └── ...
└── backend/
    ├── Dockerfile
    └── ...

docker compose config

docker compose config --quiet

docker compose config --services

docker compose config --images

docker compose ps

docker compose ps -a

docker compose top

docker compose logs

docker compose logs -f

docker compose logs --tail 100

docker compose logs -f backend

docker compose logs -f backend database

docker compose logs --since 30m

docker compose exec backend sh

docker compose exec backend bash

docker compose exec backend env
docker compose exec database psql -U app app

docker compose exec -u root backend sh

docker compose exec backend sh

docker compose run --rm backend python manage.py migrate

docker compose run --rm backend pytest
docker compose run --rm backend npm test

docker compose build
docker compose up -d

docker compose up -d --build

docker compose build backend
docker compose up -d backend

docker compose build --no-cache
docker compose up -d

docker compose build --pull

docker compose up -d --force-recreate

git pull
docker compose build
docker compose up -d
docker compose ps
docker compose logs --tail 100

git pull
docker compose up -d --build
docker compose ps

docker compose pull
docker compose up -d

POSTGRES_DB=app
POSTGRES_USER=app
POSTGRES_PASSWORD=change-me
BACKEND_PORT=8080

services:
  database:
    image: postgres:16
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: ${POSTGRES_DB}
      POSTGRES_USER: ${POSTGRES_USER}
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}

  backend:
    build: ./backend
    ports:
      - "${BACKEND_PORT}:8080"

docker compose config

.env
.env.*
!.env.example

POSTGRES_DB=app
POSTGRES_USER=app
POSTGRES_PASSWORD=replace-me
BACKEND_PORT=8080

depends_on:
  - database

services:
  database:
    image: postgres:16
    environment:
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: secret
    healthcheck:
      test:
        - CMD-SHELL
        - pg_isready -U postgres
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 10

  backend:
    build: ./backend
    depends_on:
      database:
        condition: service_healthy

restart: "no"

restart: always

restart: unless-stopped

restart: on-failure

restart: unless-stopped

docker run -d \
  --name app \
  --memory 512m \
  --cpus 1.5 \
  myapp

docker inspect app

docker update \
  --memory 1g \
  --cpus 2 \
  app

docker system df
docker system df -v

docker container prune

docker image prune

docker network prune

docker volume prune

docker system prune

docker system prune -a

docker system prune -a --volumes

sudo docker stop $(sudo docker ps -q)

sudo docker rm -f $(sudo docker ps -aq)

sudo docker stop $(docker ps -aq)

docker ps -q | xargs -r docker stop

sudo docker ps -q | xargs -r sudo docker stop

sudo usermod -aG docker "$USER"

newgrp docker

docker ps

# 1. Собрать образ
docker build -t myapp:1.0 .

# 2. Проверить образ
docker images

# 3. Запустить контейнер
docker run -d \
  --name myapp \
  -p 8080:8080 \
  myapp:1.0

# 4. Проверить состояние
docker ps

# 5. Посмотреть логи
docker logs -f --tail 100 myapp

# 6. Проверить приложение
curl http://localhost:8080

# 7. Зайти внутрь
docker exec -it myapp sh

# 8. Остановить
docker stop myapp

# 9. Удалить контейнер
docker rm myapp

# 1. Перейти в каталог проекта
cd ~/project

# 2. Проверить файлы
ls -la

# 3. Проверить конфигурацию
docker compose config

# 4. Собрать и запустить
docker compose up -d --build

# 5. Проверить состояние
docker compose ps

# 6. Посмотреть логи
docker compose logs -f --tail 100

# 7. Посмотреть логи сервиса
docker compose logs -f backend

# 8. Выполнить команду внутри сервиса
docker compose exec backend sh

# 9. Перезапустить сервис
docker compose restart backend

# 10. Остановить проект
docker compose down

docker compose config
docker compose up -d --build
docker compose ps
docker compose logs -f

docker compose up -d --build

docker compose ps -a
docker compose logs --tail 200 SERVICE
docker compose exec SERVICE sh

docker compose down

docker compose down -v